Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em atendimento de pacientes com coagulopatias hereditárias / Knowledge of dentists in the care of patients with hereditary coagulopathies

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas que trabalham nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) com Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) modalidade I, no município de Campina Grande, sobre o atendimento odontológico de pacientes com coagulopatias hereditárias. Sujeitos e método: por meio de questionário autoaplicável, foi feita uma entrevista com os cirurgiões-dentistas do município em questão para analisar os seus conhecimentos. Participaram da pesquisa 24 profissionais que se encaixaram nos critérios de inclusão e responderam de forma adequada o questionário com questões objetivas, sendo que os participantes foram orientados a assinalar somente uma alternativa para cada questionamento. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais é formada há mais de 10 anos. A média de acertos das respostas foi de 50%. Em relação aos achados clínicos que determinam a possível presença de distúrbio hemorrágico, 44% afirmaram que são: púr-pura, sangramento gengival espontâneo e hemartrose. Os pacientes considerados de risco elevado para o tratamento odontológico foram: pacientes sem distúrbios hemorrágicos revelados, mas com exames complementares alterados; pacientes em tratamento com AAS; e pacientes em tratamento com anticoagulante por via oral. A maioria (68%) não considera a utilização de sugadores de saliva como risco para sangramento bucal. Os procedimentos odontológicos que os profissionais não se sentem seguros a executar, nesse tipo de paciente, foram: exodontias (88%); tratamento periodontal cirúrgico (76%); raspagem e alisamento coronoradicular (RACR) (28%); anestesia do nervo alveolar inferior ou outros (24%); tratamento endodôntico (20%); e anestesia infiltrativa (8%). Conclusão: os dados obtidos na pesquisa mostraram que o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas das UBS do município de Campina Grande não é satisfatório, havendo dúvidas sobre a maioria dos tratamentos odontológicos direcionados aos pacientes com coagulopatias hereditárias. (AU)

Objective: this study aimed to determine the knowledge of dentists working in UBS with ESB mode I in the city of Campina Grande on Patients with hereditary Coagulopathies. Through self-administered questionnaire, own and without exclusion criteria, an interview was conducted with dental surgeons of the municipality concerned to analyze their knowledge of the relevant topic. By itself and without exclusion criterion an interview was made with the dentists concerning to analyze their knowledge about hereditary coagulopathies. Subjects and method: the participants were 24 dentists which fit the inclusion criteria and responded adequately to the questionnaire which contained objective questions, and the respondents were asked to point out only one alternative of each questioning. Results: most of them were graduated over 10 years. The mean score was 50% of the questionnaire. In relation to clinical findings that determine the possible presence of bleeding disorder, 44% said they are: purple spontaneous gingival bleeding and hemarthrosis; patients considered at high risk for dental treatment were patients without bleeding disorders disclosed but with altered exams; patients being treated with ASA; and patients treated with anticoagulant orally. Most dentists (68%) do not consider the use of saliva-sucking as a risk for oral bleeding. Dental procedures that professionals do not feel safe running in those patients were: extractions (88%); surgical periodontal treatment (76%); RACR (28%); anesthesia of nerve alveolar inferior or other (24%); endodontic treatment (20%); and infiltrative anesthesia (8%). Conclusion: the data obtained from the survey showed that knowledge of dentists from Campina Grande municipality is not satisfactory and there is doubt on most dental treatments targeted to patients with inherited bleeding disorders. (AU)

Thromboprophylaxis and bleeding control in patients with liver disease in the intensive care unit / 临床肝胆病杂志

Liver diseases are associated with complex abnormalities in the coagulation system as the liver is involved in the synthesis of various coagulation-related proteins. Laboratory and clinical evidence suggests that patients with liver disease may achieve a state of rebalanced hemostasis, but such balance is relatively unstable, and thus bleeding and thrombosis events are observed in clinical practice. Patients with acute or chronic liver diseases might be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to serious complications such as bleeding and thrombosis. Gastrointestinal bleeding, systemic or local thrombosis, and coagulation events in extracorporeal circulation are common complications observed in patients with liver disease in the ICU. An individualized management plan of thromboprophylaxis and a wait-and-see policy for limited blood transfusion are reasonable for patients with liver disease.

Platelet Dysfunction in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report with a Literature Review / 대한내과학회지

Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal plasma cell proliferation disorder with various symptoms and signs caused by paraproteinemias. Among these signs, a bleeding tendency is one of the major fatal causes. However, significant severe bleeding is rare in most cases. In this study, we report a case of multiple myeloma in a patient who had a severe recurrent bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction caused by paraproteins. After being treated with therapeutic plasma exchange and chemotherapy, the patient's monoclonal protein level decreased and the bleeding stopped.

AKAP12 regulates vascular integrity in zebrafish

The integrity of blood vessels controls vascular permeability and extravasation of blood cells, across the endothelium. Thus, the impairment of endothelial integrity leads to hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory infiltration. However, the molecular mechanism underlying vascular integrity has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate an essential role for A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) in the maintenance of endothelial integrity during vascular development. Zebrafish embryos depleted of akap12 (akap12 morphants) exhibited severe hemorrhages. In vivo time-lapse analyses suggested that disorganized interendothelial cell-cell adhesions in akap12 morphants might be the cause of hemorrhage. To clarify the molecular mechanism by which the cell-cell adhesions are impaired, we examined the cell-cell adhesion molecules and their regulators using cultured endothelial cells. The expression of PAK2, an actin cytoskeletal regulator, and AF6, a connector of intercellular adhesion molecules and actin cytoskeleton, was reduced in AKAP12-depleted cells. Depletion of either PAK2 or AF6 phenocopied AKAP12-depleted cells, suggesting the reduction of PAK2 and AF6 results in the loosening of intercellular junctions. Consistent with this, overexpression of PAK2 and AF6 rescued the abnormal hemorrhage in akap12 morphants. We conclude that AKAP12 is essential for integrity of endothelium by maintaining the expression of PAK2 and AF6 during vascular development.

Alterações vasculares resultantes da abordagem cirúrgica da axila: uma revisão da literatura / Vascular disorders after axillary surgery: a literature review

Introdução: O câncer de mama é considerado um problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, como ainda predominam os diagnósticos nos estágios avançados, cirurgias extensas e dissecções axilares ainda são muito utilizadas. Tais procedimentos podem levar a uma variedade de problemas clínicos,normalmente relacionados à etiologia vascular, que têm impacto funcional. Objetivos: Analisar as alterações linfovasculares sob os aspectos histopatológicos, anatômicos, linfocintilográficos e funcionais, decorrentes da abordagem cirúrgica da axila. Métodos: A revisão da literatura foi realizada a partir das bases de dados LILACS, PubMed e BIREME, via descritores DeCS/MeSH, tendo a busca sido feita entre os meses de setembro a outubro de 2011. Resultados: Os estudos que avaliaram os aspectos histopatológicos tiveram a trombose dos vasos linfáticos como o achado em comum. Naqueles que avaliaram os aspectos linfocintilográficos, ficou evidenciado a presença de um fluxo linfático retrógrado, além do surgimento, do ponto de vista anatômico demonstrado pela linfocintilografia, devias linfáticas colaterais. Outro estudo, que avaliou os aspectos funcionais, observou que a captação do radiofármaco usado, na axila, foi mais lenta em pacientes com esvaziamento axilar nas situações de repouso e exercício. Conclusões: A maioria dos estudos atesta importantes alterações vasculares que se estabelecem após a cirurgia da axila, em todos os aspectos pesquisados. Tais alterações podem permanecer por anos, resultando em transtornos clínicos aparentes como déficit de força, linfedema, síndromeda rede axilar, dentre outros, cujas origens, no sistema vascular, ainda carecem de maior atenção.

Introduction: Breast cancer is considered a public health problem. In Brazil, as still predominate inadvanced diagnostics, extensive surgery and axillary dissections are still widely used. Such procedures may lead to a variety of clinical problems, normally related to the etiology vascular, with functional impact. Objectives: To analyze the linfovasculares changes under histopathological, anatomical, functional and lymphoscintigraphic aspects, resulting from the surgical approach of the axilla. Methods: The literature review was performed from the databases LILACS, PubMed and BIREME, by DeCS/MeSH. The search was made between the months September-October 2011. Results: The studies that assessed the histopathological aspects had thrombosis of lymphatic vessels as found in common. In those studies that evaluated aspects lymphoscintigraphic, evidenced the presence of a retrograde lymphatic flow, besides the appearance of collateral lymphatic pathways shown by lymphoscintigraphy. Another study that evaluated the functional aspects, noted that the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical used, in the armpit, was slower in patients with axillary lymph node dissection in situations of rest and exercise. Conclusions: Most studies attest importante vascular changes that take place after surgery of axilla in all aspects analyzed. Such changes may persist for years, resulting in clinical disorders such apparent strength deficit, lymphedema, axillary web syndrome, among others, which origins in the vascular system, still require further attention.

Orofacial manifestations of hematological disorders: Anemia and hemostatic disorders.

The aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with particular reference to anemias and disorders of hemostasis. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with emphasis on anemia. Mesh phrases used in the search were: oral diseases AND anaemia; orofacial diseases AND anaemia; orofacial lesions AND anaemia; orofacial manifestations AND disorders of haemostasis. The Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine and narrow the searches. Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia and aplastic anemia. The manifestations include conjunctiva and facial pallor, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatitis, dysphagia, magenta tongue, midfacial overgrowth, osteoclerosis, osteomyelitis and paraesthesia/anesthesia of the mental nerve. Orofacial petechiae, conjunctivae hemorrhage, nose-bleeding, spontaneous and post-traumatic gingival hemorrhage and prolonged post-extraction bleeding are common orofacial manifestations of inherited hemostatic disorders such as von Willebrand's disease and hemophilia. A wide array of anemic and hemostatic disorders encountered in internal medicine has manifestations in the oral cavity and the facial region. Most of these manifestations are non-specific, but should alert the hematologist and the dental surgeon to the possibilities of a concurrent disease of hemopoiesis or hemostasis or a latent one that may subsequently manifest itself.

Distúrbios da hemostasia: doenças hemorrágicas / Disorders of homeostasis: bleeding disorders

As doenças hemorrágicas abrangem diversas condições clínicas, sendo caracterizadas por hemorragias de gravidade variável em diferentes locais do corpo. Podem ser de causa hereditária ou adquirida, relacionadas a doenças hematológicas ou a outras condições sistêmicas. Para o diagnóstico e tratamento adequados dessas doenças éfundamental a realização de anamnese detalhada e de testes laboratoriais, que podem ser complexos. Neste artigo serão abordadas as principais condições hemorrágicas, classificadas em doenças vasculares/doenças plaquetárias, coagulopatias e doenças hemorrágicas secundárias a doenças sistêmicas e uso de anticoagulantes.

The bleeding disorders include several clinical conditions, being characterized by bleeding of varying severity in different body sites. They can be either inherited or acquired disease - related to hematological diseases or other systemic conditions. For the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, it is essential to conduct a detailed clinical history and laboratory tests, which may be complex. This article deals with the major hemorrhagic conditions, classified as vascular diseases/platelet diseases, coagulopathy and bleeding disorders secondary to systemic diseases and use of anticoagulants.

Haemostatic disorders in children with acute leukemia

Hemorrhagic characters and hemostatic disorders have been investigated in 106 children with acute leukemia at the National Hospital of Pediatrics from September 1st 2002 to August 30th 2004. Results showed that: bleeding signs on admission were found in 49.1%. With subcutaneous hemorrhages, petechie and bruise in skin were most common, and with mucosa hemorrhages, epistaxis and alveolar hemorrhage were more common but gastrointestinal mucosa hemorrhages and urinary hemorrhages were rare. Thrombocytopenia, prolonged APTT, hypofibrinogenemia, hypoprothrombinemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation accounted for 91.5%, 47.2%, 23.6%, 18.9% and 2.8%, respectively. These disorders were often combined together. Hemorrhagic status related closely with thrombocytopenia. Prolonged APTT, decreased prothrombine rate, and hypofibrinogenemia were contributed to increase of hemorrhagic rate.